Screwpiles: The Forgotten Lighthouses

4 . National Archives , Acts and Laws Relative to the Light House Service 1789–1852 ( Washington , D.C .: Government Printing Office, 1853), p. 7. 5 . C. Dimmock , “ Report from the Chair , Committee for the Improvement of the James River below the head of Tidewater,” The Daily Dispatch ( Richmond , VA), September 13 , 1852, http :// chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. 6 . National Archives , “ Lighthouse Board Miscellaneous,” Letterbook 16, January 1854–June 1854 . 7. National Archives , “ White Shoal Dumb Beacon Design , Day ’ s Point Beacon ,” RG 26, vol. 15 . 8. “The Navigation of the James River ,” Richmond Daily Dispatch ( Richmond , VA), September 17 , 1853, http ://www .lva.virginia /. 9 . Commonwealth of Virginia, “ Law Ceding Land from the Commonwealth to the United States to erect Lighthouses ,” in Commonwealth of Virginia, Book 2 ( Washington , D.C .: Light House Board , 1853), pp. 1–7 . 10. Ibid . 11. National Archives , Laws of the United States relating to the Establishment, Support and management of the Light-Houses, Light-Vessels, Monuments, Beacons, Spindles, Buoys, and Public Piers of the United States August 7, 1789 to March 3, 1855 ( Washington , D.C .: Light House Board , 1855). Department of the Treasury. 12. National Archives , “ Proposals for Building Beacon-Lights and Day-Beacons , James river , Virginia” (1853), pp. 1–3 . Library of Congress digital newspaper ( Edmnd. L. F . Hardcastle, Engineer , Secretary Light-house Board ). 13. National Archives , RG 26, Entry 122 , vol. 10 of 18 (May 22 , 1854), pp. 276– 287. 14 . Ibid . 15 . National Archives , RG 26, Entry 38 , Letterbook 274, p. 522 . 16 . National Archives , RG 26, Deepwater Shoals Logbooks. 17. National Archives , RG 26, Entry 122 , vol. 10 of 18 (May 22 , 1854), pp. 276–287 . 18. “Craney Island Lighthouse ,” U .S. Lighthouse Society , www .uslhs.org. 19 . “ Lazaretto Lighthouse ,” Lighthouse Friends , retrieved in 2017 , www . lighthousefriends.com. 20. National Archives , “ Letters Received from District Engineers and Inspectors Feb . 1855– Dec. 1900,” RG 26, Office of Light- House Inspector, Fifth District ( September 6, 1876), pp. 118–122 . 21. National Archives , RG 26, Entry 50, File 679 . 22. Bureau of Lighthouses , Notice to Mariners 38 ( Washington , D.C .: 1919), U .S. Coast

38. National Archives , “ Letters Received from District Engineers and Inspectors 1853–1900,” RG 26, Entry 24, Box 176 . 39 . “Report from the Secretary of the U .S. Lighthouse Board ,” Richmond Dispatch ( Richmond , VA), May 21 , 1861, http :// chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. 40 . Herbert, Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies . 41 . “ Gallant Exploit of Confederate Troops ,” Newbern Weekly Progress (Newbern, NC ), September 17 , 1861 . Chronicling America : Historic American Newspapers . Library of Congress , http :// chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. 42 . National Archives , Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion , Series 1 , Volume 7. North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, March 8 , 1862–1865, Confederate States. 43 . National Archives , “ Letters Received from District Engineers and Inspectors Feb,” RG 26, Entry 24 Box 176 . 44 . National Archives , “ Letters Received from District Engineers and Inspectors Feb,” RG 26, Entry 13 , Box 176 . 45 . “Restoring the Lights ,” Alexandria Gazette (Alexandria, VA), May 16, 1866 . Chronicling America : Historic American Newspapers, Library of Congress , http :// chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. Library of Virginia digital collection. 46 . National Archives , “Monitor Logbook ,” RG 24 . 47 . National Archives , “ Special Occupation orders of G . H . Johnston, Captain & Adj . Gen . Special Occupation Orders,” from The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies , Series 1 , Volume 27 ( Part III), 1863 . 48 . The Daily Dispatch ( Richmond , VA), May 16, 1866, retrieved January 20 , 2018 , https :// chroniclingamerica.loc.gov / lccn /sn84024738/1866-05-16/ ed-1 /seq -3 / image_ 514x51 . Library of Virginia digital collection. 49 . McGowan, “ The James River . . . A trip on this Historic Stream .” 50 . Fox, Images of America: The James River , pp. 53–59 . 51 . E. Pollock , Sketch Book of Suffolk, Virginia – Its People and Its Trade ( Portsmouth , VA: Fisk & Purdie , 1886), pp. 87–90 . Chapter 2 1. Alan J . Lutenegger , “Historical Development of Iron Screwpile Foundations: 1836–1900,” International Journal for the History of Engineering and Technology 81 , no 1. ( 2011 ): pp. 108–128 . 2. E. Tomlinson , Tomlinson’s Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts ( London : Virtue & Co ., 1852– 1854). https :// en. wikipedia .org 3. “ Screw -pile lighthouse ,” Wikipedia, retrieved July 17 , 2017 , https :// en. wikipedia . org /wiki/Screw -pile_lighthouse.

Survey Charts 78 , 1222 , Light List , Atlantic and Gulf Coast. 23. “Long Lost Beacon Still Stands ,” Lighthouse Digest , March 2007 . 24 . “Laurel Point Lighthouse ,” Lighthouse Digest , March/ April 2014 .

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