Screwpiles: The Forgotten Lighthouses

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18. D. C. Holly, Tidewater by Steamboat ( Baltimore and London : The Johns Hopkins University Press , 1991), p. xv . 19 . W. Kirklin , Lightships: Floating Lighthouses of the Mid-Atlantic (Maryland: The History Press , 2007 ), p. 15 . 20. A. D. Bache , Hydrographic Reconnaissance of the James River ( 1818 ), U .S. Coast Survey. 21. National Archives , Kennon Letters , “ Correspondence of the Naval Committee , 1837–1838,” RG 26, Entry 25 ( NC-31 ), Lighthouse Service Coast Guard, Box 1. 22. Baltimore Sun , reprint of “ Most Awful and Most Lamentable Catastrophe ,” National Intelligencer , March 1 , 1844, http :// chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. 23. NOAA Office of Coast Survey Historical Map and Chart Collection , https :// historicalcharts.noaa.gov. 24 . National Archives , Acts and Laws Relative to the Light House Service 1789–1852 ( Washington : Government Printing Office, 1853), p. 7. 25 . D. Cipra , “ The Confederate Lighthouse Bureau : A Portrait in Blue and Gray,” from The Keepers Log , vol. VIII, no. 2 ., Winter 1992, p . 6, http :// uslhs.org / confederate-states-light-house-bureau-david-cipra. 26 . “Baleful Influence of Secession ,” National Republican ( Washington , D.C .), June 12 , 1861, http :// chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. 27. National Archives , Records of District Courts of the United States 1865–2004, “Proclamation 82-Civil War Case File,” RG 21 , Identifier 620244 ( Washington : Government Printing Office, n.d .). 28. H . A. Herbert, Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion, Series 1 , Volume 6 ( Washington : Government Printing Office, 1897), National Archives. 29 . J . Thomas Scharf , History of the Confederate States Navy ( Albany , NY: Joseph McDonogh Publishing , 1894), p. 271. 30. Ibid., p. 718. 31. Cipra , “ The Confederate Lighthouse Bureau ,” p. 3. 32. Editors of Time-Life Books , The Blockade: Runners and Raiders (The Civil War Series) (New York: 1983). 33. Cipra , “ The Confederate Lighthouse Bureau ,” p. 2. 34 . Ibid . 35 . Marshall, Frequently Close , p. 98 . 36 . Cipra , “ The Confederate Lighthouse Bureau ,” p. 7. 37. Gray Family Documents , “Voucher for Keeper ’ s Salary to U .S. Lighthouse Establishment ” (1874). Original Documents from N. Thomas Gray Family Archives , Suffolk River Heritage Collection , 2017.

Chapter 1 1. A. K. Marshall, Frequently Close to the Point of Peril: A History of Buoys and Tenders in U.S. Coastal Waters 1789–1939 (Greenville: East Carolina University, 1997), p. 3. 2. J . Naish , Seamarks: Their History and Development ( London : Stanford Maritime, 1985), p. 163 . 3. A. E. Theberge , “United States Coast Pilot – A Short History,” p. 1 , retrieved May 14, 2016, NOAA Central Library , https ://www .nauticalcharts.noaa.gov / nsd / cp-history.html. 4 . D. Gutierrez, “Map of Bahia de Santa Maria ( Chesapeake Bay ) by Diego Gutierez, 1562,” retrieved on July 10 , 2017 , from http ://www .learnnc.org. 5 . Theberge , “United States Coast Pilot ,” p. 2. 6 . William Bullock Clark , Maryland Geological Survey: Volume Two ( Baltimore : The Johns Hopkins Press , 1898), p. 386 . 7. R. S. Bennett , A New and Accurate Chart of the Bay of Chesapeake , (1776), retrieved from Library of Congress , https ://www .loc.gov / item /74691941/. 8. Marshall, Frequently Close , p. 3. 9 . Theberge , “United States Coast Pilot ,” p. 2. 10. Sailing Directions for the Principal parts on the East Coast of the United States of America Third Edition ( London : Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty , 1882 ), pp. 162– 169 . Admiralty Charts. 11. Eric Jay Dolan , Brilliant Beacons (New York: Liveright Publishing , 2016), p. 6 . 12. F . A. Holland, America’s Lighthouses: Their Illustrated History Since 1716 ( Brattleboro , VT: The Stephen Greene Press , 1972), p. 8. 13. “Public Statutes at Large of the United States of America ,” https ://www .loc.gov / law/ help / statutes-at-large / 1stcongress / c1.pdf. 14 . Marshall, Frequently Close , p. 5 . 15 . Petition to the Virginia General Assembly. Records from 1776–1865 . Accession number 36121, Box 65, Folder 40 . Richmond : Library of Virginia . 16 . W. A. Fox, Images of America: The James River ( Charleston : Arcadia Publishing , 2015), p. 25 . 17. John McGowan and Other Children of Carolina Watermen , “ The James River . . . A trip on this Historic Stream ,” from Steam Navigation On The Carolina Sounds , Carolina Work Boats Project, 2005, retrieved on April 24, 2017 , http :// homepages. rootsweb .ancestry.com.

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