Connective Issues Winter 2026

Supporting Children with ADHD and Genetic Aortic Conditions: What Families Need to Know

For families managing genetic aortic and vascular conditions like Marfan syndrome, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, or Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (VEDS), wellbeing decisions often require extra thought and coordination. When a child also shows signs of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), those decisions can feel even more complex, particularly when questions arise about stimulant medications and cardiovascular safety. ADHD is common in childhood, and when left untreated, it can significantly impact learning, confidence, behavior, and social development. With careful planning, coordina tion among specialists, and consistent monitoring, children with genetic aortopathies can often be treated safely and e ff ectively for ADHD. Dr. Luciana Young, a pediatric cardiologist at Seattle Children’s Hospital and Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Washington, outlines what families should understand when navigating these overlapping conditions. To read the full resource, scan the QR code on page 11. What Are Common Signs of ADHD in Children? ADHD is defined as a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. Symptoms must appear before age 12, occur in more than one setting (such as home and school), and persist for at least six months. Inattention can present as di ffi culty staying focused, trouble following instructions, poor organization, losing items, forgetfulness, or appearing not to listen when spoken to directly. Hyperactivity and impulsivity may include fidgeting, di ffi culty staying seated, excessive talking, interrupting others, acting without thinking, or appearing constantly “on the go.” Diagnosis typically involves parent and teacher questionnaires like the Vanderbilt Rating Scales, along with clinical evaluation by a pediatrician or specialist. What Steps Should Parents Take if They Suspect ADHD in a Child with a Genetic Aortic Condition? If parents notice challenges with attention, impulsivity, or behavior at home or school, they should speak directly with their child’s doctor. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends evaluating children age four and older when concerns arise. Because ADHD a ff ects much more than attention alone, early diagnosis and treatment are important. When untreated, ADHD can interfere with academic progress, peer relationships, and self-esteem. Early intervention helps children build skills, confidence, and long-term success.

 Dr. Luciana Young

What Are the Unique Concerns When Treating ADHD in Children with Genetic Aortopathies? Treating ADHD in children with genetic aortic and vascular conditions requires special consideration of cardiovascular risks. Stimulant medications—the most e ff ective treatment for ADHD—can cause small increases in heart rate and blood pressure. Even modest elevations in blood pressure can increase stress on the aorta, which is why careful monitoring and coordination among the child’s pediatrician, cardiologist, and behavioral health provider are essential. Some children with Marfan syndrome may also have heart rhythm abnormalities that warrant additional caution. What Should Families Understand About Cardiac Risks and Stimulant Medications? Stimulant medications such as methylphenidate and amphetamines are generally safe for most children, but they can cause mild increases in heart rate and blood pressure and, in rare cases, may a ff ect heart rhythm. Current guidance from the American Heart Association and the American Academy of Pediatrics advise that stimulant medications should not be automatically excluded in children with aortopathies. With cardiology approval and close monitoring, stimulants can often be used safely and may significantly improve a child’s quality of life.

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Marfan.org