Massage Therapy Journal Winter 2025

38 • Massage Therapy Journal

AMTA Continuing Education

(Left) The lumbar vertebrae (Right) Interosseous sacroiliac ligament

kinetic chain. Addressing SI joint function is important for maintaining proper lumbar and pelvic alignment, which directly influences tech neck symptoms. Knee joint : The knee is a hinge joint formed by the articulation of the femur, tibia and patella. This joint primarily allows for flexion and extension, with some degree of rotation. The knee is stabilized by several ligaments, including the ACL, PCL, MCL and LCL. The quadriceps, hamstrings, sartorius and popliteus are the primary muscle groups that control knee movement, while the calf muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus) provide additional support. Poor alignment or dysfunction at the knee joint can lead to compensatory changes in the hips and pelvis, affecting overall spinal posture. • Ankle joint : The ankle joint is a complex hinge joint formed by the tibia, fibula and talus. This joint allows for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion, as well as inversion and eversion of the foot. The stability and mobility of the ankle are essential for maintaining balance and proper alignment throughout the lower extremity. Weakness or instability at the ankle joint can lead to altered gait mechanics, which in turn affects the alignment of the pelvis and spine. Muscle Anatomy Review: Mid Back, Torso and Lower Body To understand the lower body’s role in tech neck, reviewing the anatomy of the muscles from the

which can lead to hyperlordosis (increased lumbar curve). Hyperlordosis contributes to imbalances throughout the entire spine, affecting the cervical and thoracic regions. Muscles such as the quadratus lumborum, erector spinae, psoas major and other core muscles work to support the lumbar region and maintain alignment. • Hip joint : The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint formed by the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the pelvis. This joint allows for a wide range of movements, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and rotation. The stability of the hip is crucial for maintaining proper pelvic alignment, which in turn supports the lumbar spine. Muscles such as the gluteals, iliopsoas, pectineus, sartorius and adductors play vital roles in controlling movement and stability at the hip joint. Tightness or weakness in any of these muscles can lead to an imbalance, resulting in compensations that affect the entire spine, including the cervical region. • Sacroiliac (SI) joint : The SI joint connects the sacrum to the ilium of the pelvis and is important for transferring weight from the upper body to the lower extremities. Dysfunction or misalignment of the SI joint can lead to compensatory movements and postural imbalances that affect the entire

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