Massage Therapy Journal Spring 2024

Spring 2024 • 43

in maintaining neutral alignment during functional movements. The quadratus lumborum is a deep muscle located in the lower back on both sides of the spinal column. This muscle derives its name from its quadrilateral shape. The quadratus lumborum plays a critical role in stabilizing and supporting the spine, as well as contributing to various movements and functions of the trunk and hips. Originating from the iliac crest and inserts into the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae (L1-L4) and the 12th rib, the action of this muscle is to laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side, assist with the extension of the vertebral column, and fix the last rib during forced inhalation and exhalation. The quadratus lumborum has some common connections to the respiratory diaphragm, the primary muscle of respiration. These connections mean the quadratus lumborum may also aid in facilitating good diaphragmatic breathing and may be part of the regulation of The abdominal muscle group , often referred to as the “abs,” is composed of a series of muscles located in the anterior portion of the abdomen. See Figure 15 . The function of the abdominal muscles is pivotal in supporting the torso, maintaining good posture, and facilitating movements of the spine and pelvis. The main muscles that make up the abdominal group include: 1. The rectus abdominis is a paired muscle that runs superiorly and inferiorly down the front of the abdomen. It’s commonly known as the “six-pack” muscle due to its appearance in individuals with well-defined abdominal muscles. The function of the rectus abdominis is to flex the vertebral column, produce forced exhalation, and to compress the abdominal contents. The origin of this muscle is the pubic crest and pubic symphysis, and its insertion is on the cartilage of the fifth, sixth and seventh ribs, as well as the xiphoid process of the sternum. intra-abdominal pressure. The Function of the Abdominal and Gluteal Muscles

2. The external abdominal oblique muscles are located on the lateral aspect of the abdomen, with fibers that run diagonally inferior and medially. The function of the external abdominal oblique is to laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side, rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side, produce forced exhalation, and compress the abdominal contents. The origin of the external abdominal oblique is on the external surfaces of the fifth to 12th ribs, and the insertion is on the anterior aspect of the iliac crest and the rectus sheath to linea alba. 3. The internal abdominal oblique muscle lies deep to the external abdominal oblique,

with fibers that run diagonally superior and laterally. The function of the external abdominal oblique is to laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side, rotate the vertebral column to the same side, produce forced exhalation, and compress

Figure 15

Transverse abdominis External abdominal oblique Internal abdominal oblique

Rectus abdominis

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