INFORM June 2024, Vol. 35 (6)

inform June 2024 Volume 35 (6)

OPTICAL ANALYSIS OF OILS

ALSO INSIDE: Studying brain lipids AOCS Award winners Decarbonizing F&B manufacturing

inform

June 2024

Raman spectroscopy for edible oil analysis Edible oil analysis for standards compliance can be time-consuming, but the increase in adulterated oils making their way to store shelves presents opportunities for quick, easy analysis as shipments arrive at a port. Read about the capabilities of Raman spectroscopy and its potential to reassure consumers they are paying for what they get. 8 FEATURES

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Mass spectroscopy helps researchers understand neurodegenerative disease

In this article, we hear from researchers who are taking on the daunting task of determining how changes in lipid signaling molecules to someday find a cure for neurodegenerative disease. The first step is differentiating between the array of lipids that exist in cell membranes. AOCS Award winners Each year AOCS acknowledges the passion of individuals and companies who are advancing the science of fats and oils by working toward new and innovative applications. This year AOCS presented 27 awards to 42 recipients. We are proud to include this year’s awardees as part of our long standing program. Read about them here.

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CONTENTS

4 Index to Advertisers 12 AOCS Meeting Watch

5 Editor’s Letter 6 Division Update

29 Regulatory Review 31 Extracts & Distillates

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ADVERTISING INSTRUCTIONS AND DEADLINES Closing dates are published on the AOCS website (www.aocs.org). Insertion orders received after closing will be subject to acceptance at advertisers’ risk. No cancellations accepted after closing date. Ad materials must be prepared per published print ad specifications (posted on www.aocs.org) and re ceived by the published material closing dates. Ma terials received after deadline or materials requir ing changes will be published at advertisers’ risk. Send insertion orders and materials to the email address below. NOTE: AOCS reserves the right to reject adver tising copy which in its opinion is unethical, mislead ing, unfair, or otherwise inappropriate or incompat ible with the character of INFORM . Advertisers and advertising agencies assume liability for all content (including text, representation, and illustrations) of advertisements printed and also assume responsi bility for any claims arising therefrom made against the publisher. AOCS Advertising: Travis Skodack, Director Membership Phone: 1-217-693-4897 Email: travis.skodack@aocs.org Formerly published as Chemists’ Section , Cotton Oil Press , 1917–1924; Journal of the Oil and Fat Indus tries , 1924–1931; Oil & Soap , 1932–1947; news por tion of JAOCS , 1948–1989. The American Oil Chem ists’ Society assumes no responsibility for statements or opinions of contributors. INFORM (ISSN: 1528-9303) is published 10 times per year in January, February, March, April, May, June, July/August, September, October, November/ December by AOCS Press, 3356 Big Pine Trail, Ste C&D, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. Phone: +1 217-359 2344. Periodicals Postage paid at Champaign, IL, and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send ad dress changes to INFORM , PO Box 7230, Champaign, IL 61826 Subscriptions to INFORM for members of the American Oil Chemists’ Society are included in the annual dues. An individual subscription to INFORM is $195. Outside the U.S., add $35 for surface mail, or add $125 for air mail. Institutional subscriptions to the Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society and INFORM combined are now being handled by Wiley. Price list information is available at http://olabout. wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-406108.html. Claims for copies lost in the mail must be received within 30 days (90 days outside the U.S.) of the date of issue. Notice of change of address must be received two weeks before the date of issue. For subscription inquiries, please contact Julie May at AOCS, julie.may@aocs.org. AOCS membership information and applications can be obtained from: AOCS, PO Box 7230, Champaign, IL 61826 USA or membership@ aocs.org. NOTICE TO COPIERS: Authorization to photo copy items for internal or personal use, or the inter nal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by the American Oil Chemists’ Society for libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (www.copyright.com) Transactional Report ing Service, provided that the base fee of $15.00 and a page charge of $0.50 per copy are paid directly to CCC, 21 Congress St., Salem, MA 01970 USA.

AOCS MISSION STATEMENT AOCS advances the science and technology of oils, fats, proteins, surfactants, and related materials, enriching the lives of people everywhere.

inform International News on Fats, Oils, and Related Materials ISSN: 1528-9303 IFRMEC 35 (6) Copyright © 2013 AOCS Press

EDITORIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Julian Barnes Etienne Guillocheau Jerry King

Gary List Thais L. T. da Silva Warren Schmidt Raj Shah

Ryan Stoklosa Ignacio Vieitez Bryan Yeh

AOCS OFFICERS PRESIDENT: Tony O’Lenick, SurfaTech, Lawrenceville, Georgia, USA VICE PRESIDENT: Gerard Baillely, Procter & Gamble, Mason, Ohio, USA TREASURER: Greg Hatfield, Bunge Limited, Oakville, Ontario, Canada SECRETARY: Fabiola Dionisi, Societe’ Des Produits Nestlé - Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland PAST PRESIDENT: Grant Mitchell, Salas O’Brien, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER: Patrick Donnelly

AOCS STAFF EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Rebecca Guenard MEMBERSHIP DIRECTOR: Travis Skodack

PAGE LAYOUT: Moon Design

The views expressed in contributed and reprinted articles are those of the expert authors and are not official positions of AOCS.

INDEX TO ADVERTISERS AmSpec. ............................................................................................................... 17 *CPM Crown. ......................................................................................................... C4 Dallas Group of America, Inc..................................................................................1 *Desmet USA, Inc................................................................................................... C2 *French Oil Mill Machinery Co............................................................................... 13 *Oil-Dri Corporation of America . ........................................................................... C3

*Corporate member of AOCS who supports the Society through corporate membership dues.

EDITOR’S LETTER

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Studying lipids

We hope you were able to attend the Annual Meeting in Montréal last month. This year’s technical program was filled with talks about data modeling and training artificial intelligence to solve problems faster. There were presentations for AI applications in multiple AOCS interest areas. The Surfactants and Detergents Division demonstrated how AI can choose ingredients for fabric and homecare for mulations (Nancy Falk will summarize the session in an article next month, stay tuned). The Protein and Co-Products Division showed how AI can be used to predict allergenic proteins and peptides. And the Edible Applications Division hosted presen tations on modeling the caloric properties of triglycerides and wax esters. This year’s conference confirms that our digital future has arrived. In case you could not attend the meeting, recorded presentations are available for purchase on demand. Visit our website for more information. In addition, this issue of INFORM contains a list of the 2024 award winners who were honored at the President’s Welcome and Awards Celebration. This issue also contains interesting stories on the analyt ical chemistry of fats and oils. Whether they are in a bottle of vegetable oil or in the human body, studying lipids still has challenges.

To establish official analysis methods, an international committee meets for years before agreeing on a procedure. Their objective is to provide a method that is universal, but sometimes that means the method is more time-consuming to forego expensive equipment that might not be available in every lab. However, there are instances when quick, accurate analysis is needed. In this month’s cover story, we discuss the advantages of Raman spectroscopy for identifying adulter ated oils. Economic and environmental conditions are caus ing an increase in imported oils that are not as pure as they claim. Hand-held instruments can catch fakes before they are stocked on store shelves. Lipids in the human body, that is a whole other level of complexity. Scientists have understood the importance of phospholipids in cell membranes for some time now. These molecules are the traffic lights of the cells, telling proteins when to come and go to maintain normal cell function. Our second feature in this issue addresses the challenge of detect ing how these lipids operate in the human brain, especially when their malfunction leads to a neurodegenerative disease. Complex, multi-dimensional analytical techniques will lead to understanding these diseases and how to treat them.

Yours in science,

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Analytical Division Spotlight

AWARD WINNER SPOTLIGHT The Analytical Division promotes professional interest, communication, and expert competency in the analytical chemistry field. Each year, the Division honors an individ ual who has made significant contributions to the analysis of fats, oils, and related products with the Dutton Award. This year’s honoree has had a fascinating career and has con tributed significantly to AOCS’s Methods program. Here we feature an interview with this year’s Dutton Award Winner, Mark Collison. INFORM: Can you tell us how you first became involved with AOCS and the Analytical Division? How did you end up focusing on the oils and fats industry and why is it important to you? Collison: My work at ADM included oils and fats analysis, but was certainly not limited to that area. My lab supported all areas of ADM, including fermentation, food ingredients, biofuels, industrial chemicals and fats and oils. Upon joining ADM, Mark Matlock indicated I should become involved with AOCS. INFORM: You have been a member of AOCS since 2004. How has AOCS contributed to your career over the years? Collison: There are too many ways to count. AOCS pro vided multiple opportunities for collaboration that have been very rewarding. I became involved with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) committees on fats and oils, travelled to meetings all over the world, and met an incredible group of scientists. INFORM: Where do you see the future of the analytical sciences going within the fats and oils industry? Collison: I believe in the future we will need to develop new trace contaminant methods. There has been growing concern about this issue. New and novel products from nontraditional sources will also result in the need for new methods of analysis. INFORM: You have played an essential and important role in AOCS’s Methods, particularly in the 8th Edition. What is important about the new edition, and what can users expect? Collison: First, it is going to be an all-electronic edition. We will not be publishing a physical book from this point forward. The revision process resulted in many methods being updated and a few being flagged as obsolete.

Mark Collison in Maui

Name

Mark Collison

Joined AOCS

1997

Education

PhD in Biochemistry from Iowa State University (Ames, Iowa, USA) Director of Analytical Chemistry for the Research Division

Job title

Employer Archer Daniels Midland Company (retired 2021) AOCS involvement Editor in Chief of AOCS Methods and

former chair of the Uniform Methods Committee. US delegate to ISO TC34 subcommittees SC2 and SC11, working on international harmonization of oil analytical methods.

We are still in need of more modern methods in many areas, I encourage people who have relevant methods to con tact AOCS to discuss the process of their methods possibly becoming official methods.

YOUR AOCS COMMUNITY

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Meet AOCS’s next president Tony O’Lenick officially took office as the next AOCS president prior to the 2024 Annual Meeting & Expo in Montréal, Québec, Canada. We hope this brief introduc tion will help you get to know him better. Chemistry became part of O’Lenick life around age 10. “I was forever mixing things together and enjoying seeing the result,” he says. “Shortly thereafter, my parents bought me my first chemistry set; I have had one ever since.”

Over his career he has written eight books and is listed as an inventor on more than 300 patents. Nonetheless, he says he is most proud of teaching and mentoring associates. The chance to give knowledge back to others is tremendously satisfying for O’Lenick. “No knowledge is ever wasted; it may take time until it can be used, but one simply needs to be patient.” In his free time O’Lenick enjoys reading and spending time with his wife, three sons, three daughters-in-law, and eight grandchildren. He also makes time for meeting with colleagues, volunteering for associations like AOCS, solving technical problems, and inventing new products. He is proud to have had the opportunity to develop a family business in which he works with his wife and three sons daily. O’Lenick says, when you deal with people who have an interest in technology, you tend to think of mentors and edu cators as the “old people” and students as the “young gen eration.” However, this is a very narrow view; we can all be mentors and be mentored, he says. “AOCS is a great organization and we will continue to fine tune it to provide services to our members in a cost-effective manner,” said O’Lenick. We wish him all the best in the year ahead.

Tony O’Lenick grew up in New Jersey where in his early career he first worked at Mona Industries and then Henkel Corporation. A two-year assignment moved him to Georgia where he has lived for last 40 years. His tenure as an AOCS member started in 1981 when a mentor suggested he join AOCS and the Society of Cosmetic Chemists. “I had the pleasure of working with giants in our industry, like Arno Cahn, Martin Schick, Luis Spitz, and Milton Rosen,” he says. “I won the Rosen award in 1996.” O’Lenick worked for Siltech LLC for 30 years until his retire ment in 2020. He has always been interested in product devel opment, particularly in identifying processes for developing raw materials that reduce the environmental footprint of a product. He currently works for SurfaTech a company that develops solu tions for customers looking to solve specific formulation prob lems. He concentrates on natural products and their derivatives. All products can be modified to improve their environ mental impact, says O’Lenick. In fact, he used this approach to create non-plastic film-formers for sun care by modifying raw materials by applying the rules of green chemistry. “Topics vary widely,” says O’Lenick. “There is never a boring day!”

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Raman spectroscopy for edible oil analysis Katie Cottingham

There is nothing like munching on a piece of crusty ciabatta dredged through a peppery, buttery olive oil at the start of a meal. Likewise, a quick drizzle of amber-colored sesame oil can liven up a rice or vegeta ble dish. After many years of being under scrutiny, oils have become popular again. Some of the most popular plant-based oils, such as olive, soybean, and canola, are high in unsaturated fat and low in saturated fat, which means that these oils can help reduce cholesterol levels and lower the risk of developing heart disease. In addition, edible oils can contain vita mins and antioxidants that promote good health. But are you really getting what you think you are buying at the gro cery store? Intentional adulteration, as well as unintentional trace con tamination, are important concerns for economic, health, and sensory reasons, and news reports suggest that olive oil is the most likely oil to be doctored. Internationally, several entities regulate and set standards for olive oil quality and purity, and experts are now starting to consider standards for other edible oils, such as avocado. The official methods for assess ing olive oil products can be labor-intensive, setting the stage for a cadre of researchers developing fast, easy-to-use techniques. Raman spec troscopy and other optical methods in which users do not need to know what they are looking for beforehand are commonly used, but how do they measure up, and could they be accepted as official methods in the future? DECEPTIVE OILS The exact number of adulterated edible oils on store shelves is unclear, and estimates vary. Online searches for data on “fake” olive oils fre quently turn up figures between 69% and 80%, and they often cite a 2010 report issued by Selina Wang’s team when she was at the University of California, Davis Olive Center (https://tinyurl.com/2yb68bep). She is now associate professor and department vice-chair of cooperative exten sion in small scale fruit and vegetable processing at UC Davis. However, Wang says that the results of the analysis, which was not published in

• Many edible, plant-based oils can reduce cholesterol levels and lower heart disease risk. • On grocery store shelves, edible oils are not always what they seem—olive and avocado are oils that are most likely to be mixed with other oils or sold as a higher quality than what is true. • Some countries mandate compliance with olive oil standards, but, except for California, compliance is voluntary in the US. • Raman spectroscopy and other optical methods in which users do not need to know what they are looking for beforehand hold promise as potential screening methods to flag edible oils of dubious quality and purity for further testing.