AAPD Reference Manual 2022-2023

BEST PRACTICES: USE OF ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY

such as rifampin or rifabutin, induce hepatic enzymes that are required for hormonal contraceptive metabolism, which could compromise the contraceptive or antibiotic effect. 47,48 Con sultation with the medical practitioner regarding use of other contraceptives is recommended with long-term use of these medications. 48 References 1. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Antibiotic prophylaxis for dental patients at risk for infection. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. Chicago, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2022: 500-6. 2. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Useful med- ications for oral conditions. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. Chicago, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2022:628-35. 3. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Appropriate use of antibiotic therapy. Pediatr Dent 2001;23(special issue):71-3. 4. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Use of anti- biotic therapy for pediatric dental patients. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. Chicago, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2019:443-6. 5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Antibiotic/ Antimicrobial Resistance Threats in the United States, 2019. Available at: “https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance /pdf/threats-report/2019-ar-threats-report-508.pdf ”. Accessed January 24, 2022. 6. Costelloe C, Metcalfe C, Lovering A, et al. Effect of antibiotic prescribing in primary care on antimicrobial resistance in individual patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2010;340:c2096. 7. Aidasani B, Solankis M, Khetarpal S, Ravi Pratap S. An tibiotics: Their use and misuse in paediatric dentistry. A systematic review. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2019;20(2):133-8. 8. Suda KJ, Calip GS, Zhou J, et al. Assessment of the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions for infection prophylaxis before dental procedures. JAMA Netw Open 2019;2(5):e193909. 9. Wilson WR, Gweitz M, Lockhart PB, et al. Prevention of viridans group streptococcal infective endocarditis: A scientific statement from the American Heart Associa- tion. Circulation 2021;143(20):e963-e978. Available at: “https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/ CIR.000 0000000000969”. Accessed March 26, 2022. Erratum in: Circulation 2021;144(9):e192. 10. Squire JD, Gardner PJ, Moutsopoulos NM, Leiding JW. Antibiotic prophylaxis for dental treatment in patients with immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2019;7(3):819-23. 11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Antibiotic Prescribing and Use. Antibiotic Use in Outpatient Set- tings, 2017. Available at: “https://www.cdc.gov/antibio tic-use/stewardship-report/pdf/stewardship-report.pdf ”. Accessed June 30, 2022.

12. Lovegrove MC, Geller A, Fleming-Dutra KE, Shehab N, Sapiano MRP, Budnitz DS. US emergency department visits for adverse drug events from antibiotics in chil- dren, 2011-2015. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2019;8(5): 384-91. 13. Ahmadi H, Ebrahimi A, Ahmadi F. Antibiotic therapy in dentistry. Int J Dent 2021;2021:6667624. 14. Akhavan BJ, Khanna NR, Vijhani P. Amoxicillin. [Updated 2021 Aug 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island, Fla.: StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan. Available at: “https:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482250/”. Accessed June 30, 2022. 15. Fouad AF, Abbott PV, Tsilingaridis G, et al. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 2. Avulsion of permanent teeth. Dental Traumatology 2020;36(4): 331-42. 16. Todd SR, Dahlgren FS, Traeger MS, et al. No visible dental staining in children treated with doxycycline for suspected Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. J Pediatr 2015;166(5):1246-51. Available at: “https://doi: 10.1016/ j.jpeds.2015.02.015”. Accessed January 24, 2022. 17. American Academy of Pediatrics. Tetracyclines. In: Kim berlin DW, Barnett ED, Lynfield R, Sawyer MH, eds. Red Book: 2021-2024 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. Elk Grove Village, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2021:905-6. 18. Stultz JS, Eiland LS. Doxycycline and tooth discoloration in children: Changing of recommendations based on evidence of safety. Ann Pharmacother 2019;53(11): 1162-6. Available at: “https://doi: 10.1177/1060028019 863796”. Accessed September 26, 2021. 19. Zeng L, Xu P, Choonara I, et al. Safety of azithromycin in pediatrics: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2020;76(12):1709-21. 20. Bartold PM, du Bois AH, Gannon S, Haynes DR, Hirsch RS. Antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties of azithromycin treatment implications for periodontitis. Inflammopharmacology 2013;21(4):321-38. 21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases. Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion. Checklist for antibiotic prescribing in dentistry. 2019. Available at: “https://www. cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/community/downloads/dental-fact -sheet-FINAL.pdf”. Accessed March 11, 2022 22. Kuriyama T, Karasawa T, Nakagawa K, Saiki Y, Yamamoto E, Nakamura S. Bacteriological features and antimicrobial susceptibility in isolates from orofacial odontogenic infec tions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;90(5):600-8. 23. Prieto-Prieto J, Calvo A. Microbiological basis of oral infections and sensitivity to antibiotics. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2004;9(suppl S):11-8.

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THE REFERENCE MANUAL OF PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY