AAPD Reference Manual 2022-2023

Table of Contents

Introduction 7 Overview 10

Revised Reaffirmed Revised

Strategic Plan

12

Research Agenda

Definitions 15

Dental Home Dental Neglect

16 17 18

Medically-Necessary Care Special Health Care Needs

Oral Health Policies 21 Dental Home 23

Medically-Necessary Care

29 Social Determinants of Children’s Oral Health and Health Disparities 34 Care for Vulnerable Populations in a Dental Setting 41 Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion 45 Workforce Issues and Delivery of Oral Health Care Services in a Dental Home 50 Teledentistry 52 Child Identification Programs 54 Oral Health Care Programs for Infants, Children, Adolescents, and Individuals with Special Health Care Needs 58 Oral Health in Child Care Centers 61 School-Entrance Oral Health Examinations 64 School Absences for Dental Appointments 66 Emergency Oral Care for Infants, Children, Adolescents, and Individuals with Special Health Care Needs 67 Role of Dental Prophylaxis in Pediatric Dentistry 70 Use of Fluoride 72 Use of Silver Diamine Fluoride for Pediatric Dental Patients 76 Use of Xylitol in Pediatric Dentistry 78 Interim Therapeutic Restorations (ITR) 80 Management of the Frenulum in Pediatric Patients 86 Pacifiers 90 Early Childhood Caries (ECC): Consequences and Preventive Strategies 94 Early Childhood Caries (ECC): Unique Challenges and Treatment Options 96 Dietary Recommendations for Infants, Children, and Adolescents 101 Snacks and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Sold in Schools 103 Tobacco Use 108 Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) 112 Substance Misuse in Adolescent Patients 117 Human Papilloma Virus Vaccinations 119 Intraoral / Perioral Piercing and Oral Jewelry/Accessories 121 Prevention of Sports-Related Orofacial Injuries 127 Use of Dental Bleaching for Child and Adolescent Patients 131 Use of Lasers for Pediatric Dental Patients 135 Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) 139 Pediatric Dental Pain Management 142 Minimizing Occupational Health Hazards Associated with Nitrous Oxide 144 Hospitalization and Operating Room Access for Oral Care of Infants, Children, Adolescents, and Individuals with Special Health Care Needs 146 Hospital Staff Membership 148 Model Dental Benefits for Infants, Children, Adolescents, and Individuals with Special Health Care Needs 152 Third-Party Reimbursement for Management of Patients with Special Health Care Needs 156 Third-Party Reimbursement of Medical Fees Related to Sedation/General Anesthesia for Delivery of Oral Health Care Services 160 Third-Party Reimbursement for Oral Health Care Services Related to Congenital and Acquired Orofacial Differences 163 Third-Party Reimbursement of Fees Related to Dental Sealants 165 Third-Party Fee Capping of Noncovered Services 167 Third-Party Payor Audits, Abuse, and Fraud 171 Role of Pediatric Dentists as Both Primary and Specialty Care Providers 172 Transitioning from a Pediatric to an Adult Dental Home for Individuals with Special Health Care Needs 176 Patient Safety 181 Selecting Anesthesia Providers for the Delivery of Office-Based Deep Sedation/General Anesthesia 184 Ethical Responsibilities in the Oral Health Care Management of Infants, Children, Adolescents, and Individuals with Special Health Care Needs 186 Patient’s Bill of Rights and Responsibilities 188 Using Harvested Dental Stem Cells 190 Infection Control

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THE REFERENCE MANUAL OF PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY